Motivation Crowding Theory
Identifieur interne : 000D19 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000D18; suivant : 000D20Motivation Crowding Theory
Auteurs : Bruno S. Frey [Suisse] ; Reto Jegen [Suisse]Source :
- Journal of Economic Surveys [ 0950-0804 ] ; 2001-12.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Teeft :
- Airline industry, Behaviour, Blackwell, Blackwell publishers, Cambridge university press, Cameron, Circumstantial evidence, Civic virtue, Civic virtues, Cognitive, Cognitive evaluation theory, Contract enforcement, Deci, Democratic constitution, Detrimental effect, Detrimental effects, Econometric studies, Economic approach, Economic imperialism, Economic literature, Economic models, Economic surveys, Economic theory, Empirical analysis, Empirical evidence, Empirical relevance, External control, External incentives, External intervention, External interventions, External interventions crowd, Extrinsic, Extrinsic motivation, Extrinsic rewards, Field evidence, Field experiment, Financial rewards, First movers, Frey, Gift relationship, Government employees, Hargreaves heap, Harvard university press, Host community, Human behaviour, Incentive, Incentive contracts crowd, Increases work effort, Intrinsic, Intrinsic motivation, Intrinsic motives, Jegen, Laboratory evidence, Laboratory experiments, Labour market, Large number, Lepper, Marginal benefit, Monetary compensation, Monetary incentives, Monetary rewards, Motivation, Mover, Nuclear waste repository, Other hand, Overjustification hypothesis, Particular manifestation, Percentage points, Performance measurement, Plenum press, Political economy, Political participation possibilities, Pollution standards, Price effect, Price incentives, Procedural justice, Psychological bulletin, Psychological contracts, Psychological theories, Public economics, Public laws, Pure representative democracies, Quarterly journal, Relative price effect, Relevant phenomenon, Reward, Same time, Second mover, Siting, Skillful application, Social psychology, Stanford university, Tangible rewards, Taxpayer compliance, Testable hypotheses, Theoretical possibility, Time schedules, Tyler, Undesired project, Unpublished manuscript, Wide variety, Work effort, Work morale.
Abstract
The Motivation Crowding Effect suggests that external intervention via monetary incentives or punishments may undermine, and under different identifiable conditions strengthen, intrinsic motivation. As of today, the theoretical possibility of motivation crowding has been the main subject of discussion among economists. This study demonstrates that the effect is also of empirical relevance. There exist a large number of studies, offering empirical evidence in support of the existence of crowding–out and crowding–in. The study is based on circumstantial evidence, laboratory studies by both psychologists and economists, as well as field research by econometric studies. The pieces of evidence presented refer to a wide variety of areas of the economy and society and have been collected for many different countries and periods of time. Crowding effects thus are an empirically relevant phenomenon, which can, in specific cases, even dominate the traditional relative price effect.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/1467-6419.00150
Affiliations:
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community</term><term>Human behaviour</term><term>Incentive</term><term>Incentive contracts crowd</term><term>Increases work effort</term><term>Intrinsic</term><term>Intrinsic motivation</term><term>Intrinsic motives</term><term>Jegen</term><term>Laboratory evidence</term><term>Laboratory experiments</term><term>Labour market</term><term>Large number</term><term>Lepper</term><term>Marginal benefit</term><term>Monetary compensation</term><term>Monetary incentives</term><term>Monetary rewards</term><term>Motivation</term><term>Mover</term><term>Nuclear waste repository</term><term>Other hand</term><term>Overjustification hypothesis</term><term>Particular manifestation</term><term>Percentage points</term><term>Performance measurement</term><term>Plenum press</term><term>Political economy</term><term>Political participation possibilities</term><term>Pollution standards</term><term>Price effect</term><term>Price incentives</term><term>Procedural justice</term><term>Psychological bulletin</term><term>Psychological contracts</term><term>Psychological theories</term><term>Public economics</term><term>Public laws</term><term>Pure representative democracies</term><term>Quarterly journal</term><term>Relative price effect</term><term>Relevant phenomenon</term><term>Reward</term><term>Same time</term><term>Second mover</term><term>Siting</term><term>Skillful application</term><term>Social psychology</term><term>Stanford university</term><term>Tangible rewards</term><term>Taxpayer compliance</term><term>Testable hypotheses</term><term>Theoretical possibility</term><term>Time schedules</term><term>Tyler</term><term>Undesired project</term><term>Unpublished manuscript</term><term>Wide variety</term><term>Work effort</term><term>Work morale</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The Motivation Crowding Effect suggests that external intervention via monetary incentives or punishments may undermine, and under different identifiable conditions strengthen, intrinsic motivation. As of today, the theoretical possibility of motivation crowding has been the main subject of discussion among economists. This study demonstrates that the effect is also of empirical relevance. There exist a large number of studies, offering empirical evidence in support of the existence of crowding–out and crowding–in. The study is based on circumstantial evidence, laboratory studies by both psychologists and economists, as well as field research by econometric studies. The pieces of evidence presented refer to a wide variety of areas of the economy and society and have been collected for many different countries and periods of time. Crowding effects thus are an empirically relevant phenomenon, which can, in specific cases, even dominate the traditional relative price effect.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Suisse</li></country><region><li>Canton de Zurich</li></region><settlement><li>Zurich</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Zurich</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Suisse"><region name="Canton de Zurich"><name sortKey="Frey, Bruno S" sort="Frey, Bruno S" uniqKey="Frey B" first="Bruno S." last="Frey">Bruno S. Frey</name></region><name sortKey="Jegen, Reto" sort="Jegen, Reto" uniqKey="Jegen R" first="Reto" last="Jegen">Reto Jegen</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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